Sometimes, these objectives are pursued at the expense of each other: a narrow focus on environmentally friendly and healthy foods, for example, might lead some companies to target niche, high-income markets, passing on the additional costs of producing sustainably to wealthy consumers, thus making it inaccessible to the majority. How can cities make sure that every citizen – rich or poor, young or old, regardless of their gender – is able to access and afford sufficient, safe, and nutritious food? And how can this be leveraged to ensure that smallholder farmers and all other food chain actors make a decent living out of producing and supplying food to cities, while remaining resilient to shocks and stresses? Lastly, how can this be achieved in such a way that urban food systems remain within the planet’s ecological boundaries and constitute a solution to – not a driver of – climate change and biodiversity loss?
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